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Presidents (da zongtong 大總統) |
Prime Ministers (guowu zongli 國務總理) |
Li Yuanhong 黎元洪
Military governor (dudu 都督) of Hubei |
Oct 10-Dez 31,1911 |
Sun Yat-sen 孫逸仙 (Sun Yixian, Sun Zhongshan 孫中山, Sun Wen 孫文)
Provisional President (linshi da zongtong 臨時大總統) in Nanjing 南京/Jiangsu. Later called Guofu 國父 "Father of the Nation" |
Jan 1-Apr 1,1912 |
Yuan Shikai 袁世凱 †
Provisional President (linshi da zongtong), from Oct 10,1913 President (da zongtong).
Apr 2,1912 provisional parliament (linshi canyiyuan 臨時參議院) moves to Beijing.
Emperor Jan 1-Apr 24,1916, reign motto: Hongxian 洪憲 (Usurpatorious Hongxian Government [Wei Hongxian zhengfu 偽洪憲政府], Prime Ministers are called "Secretaries of State" [guowuqing 國務卿], the parliament is called "Hall of Governmental Affairs" [zhengshitang 政事堂]).
Returned to presidentship Apr 24,1916 |
Mar 10,1912-Jun 6,1916 |
Tang Shaoyi 唐紹儀
Jun 17-29,1912 represented by Lu Zhengxiang 陸徵祥 |
Mar 13-Jun 27,1912 |
Lu Zhengxiang 陸徵祥
Aug 20-Sep 22 represented by Zhao Bingjun 趙秉鈞 |
Jun 29-Sep 22,1912 |
Zhao Bingjun 趙秉鈞
May 1-Jul 17,1913 represented by Duan Qirui 段祺瑞; Jul 17-18 represented by Zhu Qiqian 朱啟鈐 |
Sep 25,1912-Jul 16,1913 |
| Duan Qirui 段祺瑞 (representing) |
Jul 19-31,1913 |
| Xiong Xiling 熊希齡 |
Jul 31,1913-Feb 12,1914 |
| Sun Baoqi 孫寶琦 (representing) |
Feb 12-May 1,1914 |
Xu Shichang 徐世昌
Secretary of state (guowuqing 國務卿). Oct 27-Dec 21,1915 represented by Lu Zhengxiang |
May 1,1914-Dec 21,1915 |
Lu Zhengxiang (2nd time)
Secretary of state |
Dec 21,1915-Mar 21,1916 |
Xu Shichang (2nd time)
Secretary of state |
Mar 21-Apr 22,1916 |
Duan Qirui (2nd time)
Secretary of state Apr 22-Jun 29,1916; then prime minister |
Apr 22,1916-May 23,1917 |
Li Yuanhong (2nd time)
Usurpation of Imperial Restaurators (Fubi wei zhengfu 復辟偽政府), Jul 1-12,1917; Emperor: Aisin Giorro Puyi 愛新覺羅溥儀, Imperial Throne Council (Neige yizheng 內閣議政) members: Zhang Xun 張勳, Chen Baochen 陳寶琛, Liu Tingchen 劉廷琛, Zhang Zhenfang 張鎮芳, Wang Shizhen 王士珍, Liang Dunyan 梁敦彥, Yuan Dahua 袁大化 |
Jun 7,1916-Jul 14,1917 |
| Wu Tingfang 伍廷芳 (representing) |
May 23-28,1917 |
Li Jingxi 李經羲
May 28-Jun 12,1917 represented by Wu Tingfang; Jun 12-24 represented by Jiang Chaozong 江朝宗 |
May 28-Jul 2,1917 |
| Feng Guozhang 馮國璋 |
Jul 6,1917-Oct 10,1918 |
Duan Qirui (3rd time) |
Jul 2-Nov 22,1917 |
| Wang Daxie 汪大燮 (representing) |
Nov 22-30,1917 |
| Wang Shizhen 王士珍 (acting Nov 20-Dec 1,1917) |
Nov 30,1917-Feb 20,1918 |
| Qian Nengxun 錢能訓 (representing) |
Feb20-Mar 23,1918 |
| Duan Qirui (4th time) |
Mar 23-Oct 10,1918 |
| Xu Shichang 徐世昌 |
Oct 10,1918-Jun 2,1922 |
Qian Nengxun (2nd time; representing Oct 10-Dec 12,1918) |
Oct 10,1918-Jun 13,1919 |
| Gong Xinzhan 龔心湛 (representing) |
Jun 13-Sep 24,1919 |
| Jin Yunpeng 靳雲鵬 (representing Sep 24-Nov 5,1919) |
Sep 24,1919-May 14,1920 |
| Sa Zhenbing 薩鎮冰 (representing) |
May 14-Aug 8,1920 |
| Jin Yunpeng (2nd time; acting Aug 9,1920-May 10,1920) |
Aug 9,1920-Dec 18,1921 |
| Yan Huiqing 顏惠慶 (representing) |
Dec 18-24,1921 |
| Liang Shiyi 梁士詒 |
Dec 24,1921-Jan 25,1922 |
| Yan Huiqing (2nd time; representing) |
Jan 25-Apr 9,1922 |
| Zhou Ziqi 周自齊 (acting) |
Apr 9-Jun 12,1922 |
| Li Yuanhong (3rd time) |
Jun 11,1922-Jun 13,1923 |
Yan Huiqing (3rd time; acting)
Jul 31-Aug 5,1922 represented by Wang Chonghui 王寵惠 |
Jun 11-Aug 5,1922 |
Tang Shaoyi (2nd time; no accession)
Represented by Wang Chonghui 王寵惠 |
Aug 5-Sep 19,1922 |
| Wang Chonghui 王寵惠 (acting) |
Sep 19-Nov 29,1922 |
| Wang Daxie (2nd time; acting) |
Nov 29-Dec 11,1922 |
| Wang Zhengting 王正廷 (representing) |
Dec 11,1922-Jan 4,1923 |
| Zhang Shaozeng 張紹曾 |
Jan 4-Jun 6,1923 |
| Gao Lingwei 高凌霨 (acting) |
Jun 14-Oct 10,1923 |
Li Genyuan 李根源 (representing) |
Jun 13-14,1923 |
| Gao Lingwei 高凌霨 (representing) |
Jun 14,1923-Jan 12,1924 |
| Cao Kun 曹錕 |
Oct 10,1923-Nov 3,1924 |
| Sun Baoqi (2nd time) |
Jan 12-Jul 2,1924 |
| Gu Weijun 顧維鈞 (representing) |
Jul 2-Sep 14,1924 |
| Yan Huiqing (4th time) |
Sep 14-Oct 31,1924 |
| Huang Fu 黃郛 (acting) |
Nov 2-23,1924 |
Huang Fu 黃郛 (representing) |
Oct 31-Nov 25,1924 |
Duan Qirui 段祺瑞
Provisional president |
Nov 24,1924-Apr 20,1926 |
(vacancy) |
Nov 25,1924-Dec 25,1925 |
Xu Shiying 許世英
Feb 15-Apr 20,1926 represented by Jia Deyao 賈德耀 |
Dec 26,1925-Mar 4,1926 |
| Hu Weide 胡惟德 (acting) |
Apr 20-May 13,1926 |
| Yan Huiqing 顏惠慶 (acting) |
May 13-Jun 22,1926 |
Yan Huiqing (5th time) |
May 13-Jun 22,1926 |
| Du Xigui 杜錫珪 (acting) |
Jun 22-Oct 1,1926 |
Du Xigui 杜錫珪 (representing) |
Jun 22-Oct 1,1926 |
| Gu Weijun (Wellington Koo) 顧維鈞 (acting) |
Oct 1,1926-Jun 17,1927 |
Gu Weijun (2nd time; representing) |
Oct 5,1926-Jun 17,1927 |
| Hu Weide (2nd time; representing) |
Jun 17-20,1927 |
Zhang Zuolin 張作霖 †
Great Marshal of Military Government (Jun zhengfu da yuanshuai 軍政府大元帥)
Killed by bomb |
Jun 18,1927-Jun 4,1928 |
Pan Fu 潘復 (escape) |
Jun 20,1927-Jun 3,1928 |
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Presidents (Chairmen of National Government [Guomin zhengfu zhuxi 國民政府主席]) |
Sun Yat-sen 孫逸仙 (Sun Yixian, Sun Zhongshan 孫中山, Sun Wen 孫文)
Generalissimo of the Military Government Protecting the Constitution (Hufa junzhengfu da yuanshuai 護法軍政府大元帥) |
Sep 1,1917-May 4, 1918 |
Cen Chunxuan 岑春煊 (chairman from Jul 18,1918), Sun Yat-sen, Tang Shaoyi 唐紹儀, Wu Tingfang 伍廷芳, Lu Rongting 陸榮廷, Tang Jiyao 唐繼堯, Lin Baoyi 林保懌
Presidential [Committee] of the Military Government Protecting the Constitution (Hufa junzhengfu zongcai 護法軍政府總裁)
May 4,1920 Guangxi Clique appointing Xiong Kewu 熊克武, Wen Zongyao 溫宗堯 and Liu Xianshi 劉顯世 as chairmen
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May 20,1918-Jun 3,1920 |
Sun Yat-sen, Tang Shaoyi, Wu Tingfang, Tang Jiyao
Governing Committee of the Military Government |
Oct 1920-May 1921 |
Sun Yat-sen
Extraordinary President (feichang dazongtong 非常大總統)
Leaves Guangzhou Jul 9,1922 |
May 5,1921-Jun 16,1922 |
| (vacancy) |
Jun 1922-Mar 1923 |
Sun Yat-sen †
Generalissimo of the National Government |
Mar 1923-Mar 12,1925 |
Hu Hanmin 胡漢民(representing)
Generalissimo of the National Government |
Mar 12-Jul 1,1925 |
Wang Jingwei 汪精衛
Chairman of the National Government
Jul 26,1925 constitution of the National Revolutionary Army (Guomin gemingjun 國民革命軍) |
Jul 1,1925-Mar 22,1926 |
Tan Yankai (Mar 22-Jul 6,1926 representing)
Chairman of the National Government, from Dec 13,1926 in Wuhan 武漢/Hubei |
Mar 22,1926-Apr 10,1927 |
Wang Jingwei
In Wuhan 武漢. Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National Government (Guomin zhengfu changwu weiyuan zhuxi 國民政府常務委員主席).
Apr 18,1927 Jiang Jieshi 蔣介石 (Great-commander of the National Revolutionary Army [Guomin gemingjun zongsiling 國民革命軍總司令]) founds Nationalist Government in Nanjing 南京/Jiangsu, chairman: Hu Hanmin (Apr 18-Aug 14,1927)
Aug 22,1927 Lushan Conference 廬山談判: Reunion of the two governments Sep 16, Nanjing becomes capital |
Apr 10-Sep 13,1927 |
Tan Yankai (Sep 16,1927-Feb 7,1928 representing)
Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National Government |
Sep 16,1927-Oct 8,1928 |
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Presidents (Chairmen of National Government [Guomin zhengfu zhuxi 國民政府主席]) |
Prime ministers (Presidents of the Executive Yuan [Xingzhengyuan yuanzhang 行政院院長]) |
Jiang Jieshi 蔣介石 (Chiang Kai-shek)
Chairman of the National Government |
Oct 10,1928-Dec 15,1931 |
Tan Yankai 譚延闓 † |
Oct 8,1928-Sep 22,1930 |
| Song Ziwen (T.V. Soong) 宋子文 (representing) |
Sep 25-Nov 22,1930 |
| Jiang Jieshi 蔣介石 |
Nov 22,1930-Dec 15,1931 |
| Chen Mingshu 陳銘樞 (representing) |
Dec 15-31,1931 |
Lin Sen 林森
Chairman of the National Government. Representing Dec 15-31, 1931 |
Dec 15,1931-Aug 1,1943 |
Sun Ke 孫科 |
Dec 29,1931-Jan 28,1932 |
Wang Jingwei 汪精衛 (Wang Zhaoming 汪兆銘)
Aug 25,1932-Mar 29,1933 represented by Song Ziwen; from Jul 3-Aug 23 and Nov 8-Dec 7,1935 represented by Kong Xiangxi 孔祥熙 |
Jan 29,1932-Dec 19,1935 |
Jiang Jieshi (2nd time)
Dec 12,1936-Apr 2,1937 represented by Kong Xiangxi; Apr 4-May 29 represented by Wang Chonghui 王寵惠 |
Dec 16,1935-Jan 1,1938 |
| Kong Xiangxi (H.H. Kung) 孔祥熙 |
Jan 4,1938-Nov 25,1939 |
Jiang Jieshi (3rd time)
Dec 4,1944-May 31,1945 represented by Song Ziwen |
Dec 11,1939-May 31,1944 |
Jiang Jieshi (2nd time)
Acting Aug-Oct 1943, from May 1948 President |
Oct 10,1943-Jan 21,1949 |
| Song Ziwen (2nd time) |
May 31,1945-Mar 1,1947 |
| Jiang Jieshi (4th time) |
Mar 1-Apr 17,1947 |
| Zhang Qun 張群 |
Apr 23,1947-May 25,1948 |
| Weng Wenhao 翁文灝 |
Jun 1-Nov 26,1948 |
| Sun Ke (2nd time) |
Nov 26,1948-Mar 12,1949 |
Li Zongren 李宗仁
From Dec 1949 on Taiwan 臺灣. |
Jan 22,1949-Sep 30,1949 |
| He Yingqin 何應欽 |
Mar 12-May 30,1949 |
Yan Xishan 閻錫山
From Dec 1949 on Taiwan. |
Jun 6,1949-Mar 1950 |
Usurpatorious Empire of Manzhou (Wei Manzhou zhi zhengfu 偽滿洲執政府, Manzhouguo 滿洲國) 1932-1945Capital: Shenyang 瀋陽 (Mukden) |
Emperor: Aisin Gioro Puyi 愛新覺羅溥儀 (Emperor from Mar 1,1934), reign periods:
-----Datong 大同 1932-1933
-----Kangde 康德 1934-1945
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Mar 1932-1945 |
Presidents of the Secretariate (Mishuchu zhang 秘書處長, from Mar 1934 Shangshufu dachen 尚書府大臣) |
Presidents of the State Council (Guowuyuan zongli 國務院總理, from May 1935 Guowu zongli dachen 國務總理大臣) |
| Hu Siyuan 胡嗣瑗 |
Mar 1932-Feb 1934 |
Zheng Xiaoxu 鄭孝胥 |
Mar 10,1932-May 20,1935 |
| Guo Zongxi 郭宗熙 † |
Mar 1934-Feb 1935 |
| Yuan Jinkai 袁金鎧 |
Feb 1935-Apr 1944 |
Zhang Jinghui 張景惠 |
May 1935-1945 |
| Ji Xing 吉興 |
Apr 1944-1945 |
Usurpatorious Provisional Government in Beiping (Wei Zhonghua minguo linshi zhengfu 偽中華民國臨時政府) 1937-1940
Capital: Beiping 北平 (modern Bejing) |
Standing Committee of the Central Government (Zhongyang changwu weiyuanhui 中央常務委員會) |
Prime ministers (Presidents of the Executive Commission [Xingzheng weiyuanhui zhang 行政委員會長]) |
| Wang Kemin 王克敏, Wang Yitang 王揖唐, Dong Kang 董康, Qi Xieyuan 齊燮元, Zhu Shen 朱深 |
Dec 14,1937-Mar 20,1940 |
Wang Kemin 王克敏 |
Jan 1938-Mar 20,1940 |
Usurpatorious Reform Government in Nanjing (Wei Zhonghua minguo weixin zhengfu 偽中華民國維新政府) 1938-1940
Capital: Nanjing 南京/Jiangsu |
Prime minister (President of the Executive Yuan [Xingzhengyuan yuanzhang 行政院院長]) |
| Liang Hongzhi 粱鴻志 (acting Mar 28-Jul 29,1938) |
Mar 28, 1938-Mar 30,1940 |
Usurpatorious Nationalist Government of Wang Jingwei (Wang wei guomin zhengfu 汪偽國民政府) 1940-1945
Capital: Nanjing |
Chairman of the National Government (Guomin zhengfu zhuxi 國民政府主席) |
Prime minister (President of the Executive Yuan [Xingzhengyuan yuanzhang 行政院院長]) |
| Wang Jingwei 汪精衛 (Wang Zhaoming 汪兆銘) † |
Mar 30,1940-Nov 10,1944 |
Wang Jingwei 汪精衛 (Wang Zhaoming 汪兆銘) † |
Mar 30,1940-Nov 10,1944 |
| Chen Gongbo 陳公博 (representing Mar 22-Nov 15,1944) |
Mar 22,1944-1945 |
Chen Gongbo 陳公博 |
Nov 12,1944-1945 |
2000 ff. © Ulrich Theobald · Mail
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