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Yupian 玉篇 "Jade book" is a character dictionary whose entries are arranged according to character radicals. It was compiled on imperial order by Gu Yewang 顧野王 (518-581), courtesy name Xifeng 希馮, during the Liang period 梁 (502-557).
The Yupian is, after the Shuowen jiezi 說文解字 and the Zilin 字林, the third dictionary which made use of character radicals. Yet the radical system of the Yupian is not identical to that of the Shuowen. It does not use the radicals 哭, 㢟, 畫, 教, 眉, 白zì, 左, 𨛜, 飲, 后, 亣, 瀕 and 弦. On the other had, it introduces some new radicals:
| 25 | 父 | fù | father |
| 37 | 頻 | bīn | to advance quickly |
| 99 | 云 | yún | to speak |
| 105 | 喿 | zào | the chirping of birds sitting in a tree |
| 121 | 冘 | yín | to progress, to appear |
| 132 | 處 | chù | place, spot |
| 278 | 兆 | zhào | omen |
| 352 | 磬 | qìng | soundstone |
| 431 | 索 | suǒ | rope, to search |
| 452 | 書 | shū | a stick used for writing, written document |
| 474 | 牀 | chuáng | bed |
| 479 | 弋 | yì | wooden plug |
| 494 | 單 | dān | single, solitary |
| 511 | 丈 | zhàng | a length measure of 10 chi 尺 |
| Discarded Shuowen radicals: 哭(25), 㢟(36), 畫(82), 教(93), 眉(101), 白zì(104), 左(146), 𨛜(230), 飲(321), 后(335), 亣(大[bottom]402), 瀕(412), 弦(465). | |||
The Yupian thus makes use of a total number of 542 radicals, two more than the Shuowen jiezi. The sequence of the characters is also very different from the Shuowen jiezi. While the Shuowen used both semantic and graphical criteria for the sequence, the Yupian mainly uses semantic criteria.
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Radical list (zongmu 總目) of the Yupian (overview of six leaflets), Sibu congkan 四部叢刊 edition, reproducing a Yuan-period 元 (1279-1368) print from the collection of the family Zhou 周氏 from Jiande 建德, Zhejiang. Numbers in black cartouches, in large characters the radicals, and below, in smaller type, the pronunciation according to the fanqie system 反切. |
Numbers in brackets refer to the radical order in the Shuowen jiezi. New radicals in red. Xiaoxue huihan 小學彙函 edition of the Da guangyi hui Yupian 大廣益會玉篇. |
| 卷一 |
|---|
| 1 一(1), 2 上(2), 3 示(3), 4 二(479), 5 三(4), 6 王(5), 7 玉(6), 8 (7) |
| 卷二 |
| 9 土(480), 10 垚(481), 11 𦸨(堇482), 12 里(483), 13 田(484), 14 畕(485), 15 黃(486), 16 丠(丘293), 17 京(190), 18 冂[jiōng≠冂mì](188), 19 𩫖(享189), 20 邑(229), 21 司(336), 22 士(9) |
| 卷三 |
| 23 人(287), 24 儿(311), 25 父, 26 臣(85), 27 男(487), 28 民(445), 29 夫(403), 30 予(525), 31 我(453), 32 身(498), 33 兄(312), 34 弟(202), 35 女(443) |
| 卷四 |
| 36 頁(324), 37 頻, 38 𦣻(325), 39 𩠐(首328), 40 𥄉𥄊(県329), 41 面(326), 42 色(340), 43 囟(𠚁406), 44 𦣝(440), 45 亢(399), 46 鼻(105), 47 自(103), 48 目(99), 49 盾(102), 50 䀠(100), 51 𡕥(98), 52 見(318), 53 覞(319), 54 苜(113), 55 耳(439) |
| 卷五 |
| 56 口(22), 57 𧮫[jué≠谷gǔ](48), 58 舌(46), 59 齒(38), 60 牙(39), 61 須(330), 62 彡(331), 63 彣(332), 64 文(333), 65 髟(334) |
| 卷六 |
| 66 手(441), 67 収收(62), 68 𠬜(癶)[pān,在下,≠癶bō](63), 69 舁(66), 70 𦥑[jú≠臼jiù](67), 71 爪(73), 72 丮(74), 73 鬥(75), 74 屮[=𠂇zuǒ,≠屮chè](77), 75 又(76) |
| 卷七 |
| 76 足(40), 77 疋(41), 78 𠦬(442), 79 骨(134), 80 血(173), 81 肉(135), 82 筋(136), 83 力(488), 84 劦(489), 85 吕(呂271), 86 㝱(夢273) |
| 卷八 |
| 87 心(408), 88 思(407), 89 惢(409) |
| 卷九 |
| 90 言(56), 91 誩(57), 92 曰(151), 93 乃(152), 94 丂(153), 95 可(154), 96 兮(155), 97 号(156), 98 亏(157), 99 云, 100 音(58), 101 告(21), 102 凵[kǎn≠凵qù](23), 103 吅(24), 104 品(42), 105 喿, 106 龠(43), 107 冊(44), 108 㗊(45), 109 只(49), 110 㕯(50), 111 欠(320), 112 食(180), 113 甘(150), 114 旨(158), 115 㳄(322), 116 㚔(幸397), 117 夲𠦂(400), 118 夰(401) |
| 卷十 |
| 119 彳(34), 120 行(37), 121 冘, 122 夂[zhǐ,在上,≠夊suī](203), 123 久乆(204), 124 夊[suī,在下,≠夂zhǐ](198), 125 舛(199), 126 走(26), 127 辵(33), 128 廴(35), 129 癶[bō,在上,≠癶pān](28), 130 步(29), 131 止(27), 132 處, 133 立(404), 134 竝(405), 135 此(30), 136 正(31), 137 是(32) |
| 卷十一 |
| 138 宀(269), 139 宮(270), 140 宁(504), 141 門(438), 142 戸(437), 143 尸(305), 144 尾(307), 145 尺(306), 146 履(308), 147 老(302), 148 疒(274), 149 𣦼(130), 150 歹(131), 151 死(132), 152 𠮠(=冎)(133), 153 凶(260), 154 穴(272), 155 丨(10), 156 屮[chè≠𠂇zuǒ](11) |
| 卷十二 |
| 157 木(206), 158 東(207), 159 林(208), 160 巢(222), 161 叒(210) |
| 卷十三 |
| 162 艸(12) |
| 卷十四 |
| 163 蓐(13), 164 茻𦬇(14), 165 舜(200), 166 竹(143), 167 箕(144), 168 才(209), 169 巿[pó≠巿fú](214), 170 乇(216), 171 𠂹(217), 172 𠌶(218), 173 蕐(華219), 174 𥝌[jī≠禾hé](220), 175 稽(221), 176 桼(223), 177 丵(60), 178 菐(61), 179 𢎘(244), 180 𣐺(245), 181 𠧪(246), 182 朿(248), 183 朩[pìn](261), 184 𣏟(262), 185 麻(263), 186 尗(264), 187 韭(266), 188 瓜(257), 189 瓠(268), 190 丯(140), 191 來(196) |
| 卷十五 |
| 192 麥(197), 193 黍(255), 194 禾[hé≠𥝌jī](253), 195 秝(254), 196 耒(141), 197 香(256), 198 皀(178), 199 鬯(179), 200 米(257), 201 毇(258), 202 臼[jiù≠𦥑jú](259), 203 倉(183), 204 㐭(194), 205 嗇(195), 206 亼(181), 207 會(182), 208 亯(191), 209 㫗(192), 210 畐(193), 211 入(184), 212 冂冖[mì≠冂jiōng](275), 213 𠔼(276), 214 冃(277), 215 㒳(278兩), 216 㡀(285), 217 襾(280), 218 网(279), 219 𠦒(121), 220 冓(122), 221 厶(=凵[qù],≠厶sī,≠凵kǎn)(171), 222 去(172), 223 北(292), 224 西(434), 225 鹵(435), 226 鹽(436), 227 壬[tǐng≠壬rén](295), 228 皿(170), 229 臥(297), 230 㐆(299) |
| 卷十六 |
| 231 琴(455), 232 喜(159), 233 壴(160), 234 鼓(161), 235 豈(162), 236 豆(163), 237 豊(164), 238 豐(165), 239 䖒(166), 240 重(296), 241 鼎(250), 242 瓦(462), 243 缶(185), 244 鬲(71), 245 䰜(72), 246 斗(496), 247 勺(492), 248 几[jī≠几shū](493), 249 且(494), 250 匚[fāng≠匸xì](459), 251 曲(460), 252 壺(395), 253 巵(=卮)(337), 254 𠙹甾(461) |
| 卷十七 |
| 255 㫃(234於), 256 勿(359), 257 矢(186), 258 弓(463), 259 弜(464), 260 斤(495), 261 矛(497), 262 戈(451), 263 殳(86), 264 殺(87), 265 戉(452), 266 刀(137), 267 㓞(139), 268 刃(138) |
| 卷十八 |
| 269 金(490), 270 攴(92), 271 放(128), 272 丌(145), 273 左(146), 274 工(147), 275 㠭(148), 276 巫(149), 277 卜(94), 278 兆, 279 用(95), 280 爻(96), 281 㸚(97), 282 車(498), 283 舟(309), 284 方(310) |
| 卷十九 |
| 285 水(410) |
| 卷二十 |
| 286 沝(411), 287 ㄑ(413), 288 巜(414), 289 巛(415), 290 井(177), 291 泉(416), 292 灥(417), 293 永(418), 294 𠂢(419), 295 谷[gǔ≠𧮫jué](420), 296 冫(421), 297 雨(422), 298 雲(423), 299 風(474), 300 气(8), 301 鬼(346), 302 甶(347), 303 白(284), 304 日(231), 305 旦(232), 306 䢅(68晨辰), 307 倝(233), 308 晶(236), 309 月(237), 310 有(238), 311 明(239), 312 囧(240) |
| 卷二十一 |
| 313 冥(235), 314 夕(241), 315 多(242), 316 小(15), 317 幺(123), 318 𢆶(124), 319 玄(126), 320 丏(327), 321 大[daì,在上](389), 322 奢(398), 323 火(382), 324 炎(383), 325 焱(386), 326 炙(387), 327 爨(69), 328 囪(385), 329 黑黒(384), 330 赤(388), 331 亦(390), 332 夨(391), 333 夭(392), 334 交(393), 335 尢(394), 336 壹(396), 337 叀(125), 338 丶(174), 339 丹(175), 340 靑(176), 341 氏(449), 342 氐(450) |
| 卷二十二 |
| 343 山(350), 344 屾(351), 345 嵬(349), 346 屵(352), 347 广(353), 348 厂(354), 349 高(187), 350 危(356), 351 石(357), 352 磬,, 353 𠂤(499), 354 阜(500), 355 𨺅(501), 356 厽(502) |
| 卷二十三 |
| 357 馬(370), 358 牛(19), 359 犛(20), 360 羊(114), 361 羴(115), 362 𠁥(112), 363 萈(376), 364 犬(377), 365 犾(=㹜)(378), 366 豕(362), 367 𦜼(豚,365), 368 㣇(363), 369 彐(364), 370 嘼(512), 371 廌(371), 372 鹿(372), 373 麤(373), 374 㲋(374), 375 兔(375), 376 厹(禸511), 377 兕(=𤉡)(367), 378 象(369), 379 能(380), 380 熊(381), 381 龍(427), 382 虍(167), 383 虎(168), 384 虤(169), 385 豸(366) |
| 卷二十四 |
| 386 烏(120), 387 几[shū≠几jī](88), 388 乙[yǐ≠乙yǐ514](431), 389 燕(426), 390 鳥(119), 391 隹(109), 392 奞(110), 393 雈(111), 394 瞿(116), 395 雔(117), 396 雥(118), 397 魚(424), 398 書(425) |
| 卷二十五 |
| 399 鼠(379), 400 易(368), 401 虫(471), 402 䖵(472), 403 蟲(473), 404 它(475), 405 龜(476), 406 黽(477), 407 𡖉(卵478), 408 貝(228) |
| 卷二十六 |
| 409 羽(108), 410 飛(428), 411 習(107), 412 卂(430), 413 非(429), 414 不(432), 415 至(433), 416 毛(303), 417 毳(304), 418 冉(360), 419 而(361), 420 角(142), 421 皮(90), 422 㼱(91), 423 革(70), 424 韋(201) |
| 卷二十七 |
| 425 糸(467) 426 系(466) 427 素(468) 428 絲(469) 429 黹(286) 430 率(470) 431 索 |
| 卷二十八 |
| 432 巾(281) 433 巿[fú≠巿pó](282) 434 帛(283) 435 衣(300) 436 裘(301) 437 卩(338) 438 印(339) 439 卯夘[qīng≠卯mǎo](341) 440 辟(342) 441 苟(345) 442 勹(343) 443 包(344) |
| 卷二十九 |
| 444 長(358), 445 𠤎[huà≠匕bǐ](288), 446 匕[bǐ≠𠤎huà](289), 447 比(291), 448 从(290), 449 㐺(294), 450 共(64), 451 異(65), 452 史(78), 453 支(79), 454 𠬪(129), 455 帇(𦘒80), 456 聿(81), 457 書, 458 隶(83), 459 臤(84), 460 帀(212), 461 出(213), 462 之(211), 463 生(215), 464 耑(265), 465 毌[guàn≠毋wú](243), 466 束(224), 467 㯻(225), 468 囗(226), 469 員(227), 470 齊(247), 471 干(47), 472 幵(491), 473 片(249), 474 牀, 475 毋[wú≠毌guàn](444), 476 克(251), 477 丿[piě](466), 478 𠂆[yì](447), 479 弋, 480 乁[yí](448), 481 亅[jué](454), 482 句(51), 483 丩(52), 484 乚[yǐn](456), 485 亡亾(457), 486 匸[xì≠匚fāng](458), 487 兂(313), 488 旡(323), 489 皃(314), 490 𠑹(315), 491 先(316), 492 禿(317), 493 厶[sī≠厶qù](348), 494 單, 495 彔(252) |
| 卷三十 |
| 496 四(503), 497 叕(505), 498 亞(506), 499 五(507), 500 六(508), 501 七(509), 502 八(16), 503 釆(17), 504 半(18), 505 九(510), 506 丸(355), 507 十(54), 508 卅(55), 509 古(53), 510 寸(89), 511 丈, 512 皕(106), 513 甲(513), 514 乙[yǐ≠乙yǐ338](514), 515 丙(515), 516 丁(516), 517 戊(517), 518 己(518已), 519 巴(519), 520 庚(520), 521 辛(521), 522 辡(522), 523 䇂(59), 524 桀(205), 525 壬[rén≠壬tǐng](523), 526 癸(524), 527 子(525), 528 了(526), 529 孨(527), 530 𠫓(528), 531 丑(529), 532 寅(530), 533 卯[mǎo≠卯qīng](531), 534 辰(532), 535 巳(533), 536 午(534), 537 未(535), 538 申(536), 539 酉(537), 540 酋(538), 541 戌(539), 542 亥(540) |
According to a Tang-period 唐 (618-907) source, the Yupian contained 16,917 characters. The received version is a revision of the Song -period 宋 (960-1279) scholar Chen Pengnian 陳彭年 (961-1017) which contains 22,561 characters. It is called Daguang yihui Yupian 大廣益會玉篇 "Greatly enlarged Jade book". Of the original version only a fragment (juan 8, 9, 18, 19, 22, 24, 27) is preserved which is kept in Japan. These fragments contain 2,052 characters in total.
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Fragment of the yan 言 radical section from the "original", Tang-period Yupian (Yuanben Yupian lingjuan 原本玉篇零卷), Congshu jicheng chubian 叢書集成初編 edition, reproducing the print of Li Shuchang's 黎庶昌 (1837-1896) series Guyi congshu 古逸叢書. |
The original construction was also quite different from the Song-period version. In the original the meaning of the character is given, followed by quotations from the Confucian Classics, books on history, and finally older dictionaries. At the end of the entry, variants of the characters are presented. The Song-period version was printed by the Qing-period 清 (1644-1911) scholars Zhang Shijun 張士俊 (Zecuntang Studio 澤存堂) and Cao Yin 曹寅 (Yangzhou Shiju Studio 揚州詩局)
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Beginning of the Song-period "reconstruction" of the Yupian, titled Daguang yihui Yupian 大廣益會玉篇, Sibu congkan edition. |
Besides the Song version, there is also a Yuan-period 元 (1279-1368) version. The latter is included in the series Sibu congkan 四部叢刊. Both versions are differing in the appendixes rendering help for the pronunciation systems. The Song version contains a full commentary while this is abbreviated in the Yuan period version.