Jun 20, 2011 © Ulrich Theobald
Lianshi 奩史 "History of the toilet case" is an encyclopaedia about women compiled by the Song-period 宋 (960-1279) scholar Ding Shengzhi 丁升之.
It is 100-juan long and assembles material about all aspects of the life of women in traditional China. The book is arranged very clearly and indicates all sources. It was published in 1996 by the Shumu Wenxian Press 書目文獻出版社, together with the contemporary encyclopaedia Hunli xinbian 婚禮新編. There is a print from 1797 by the Guxiang Studio 古香堂. The Lianshi is included in the series Xuxiu siku quanshu 續修四庫全書.
There is a short supplement compiled during the Qing period 清 (1644-1911)
by Wang Chutong 王初桐 (1729-1821) called Lianshi shiyi 奩史拾遺.
Table 1. Contents of the Lianshi 奩史
| 1.-4. |
夫婦門 |
Husband and wife |
| 5.-8. |
婚姻門 |
Matrimony |
| 9.-13. |
統係門 |
(Public) relationships |
| 14.-18. |
眷屬門 |
Kinship |
| 19.-20. |
妾婢門 |
Secondary wives and servant girls |
| 21.-24. |
娼妓門 |
Singsong girls |
| 25.-31. |
肢體門 |
Limbs and body |
| 32.-35. |
容貌門 |
Appearance |
| 36.-39. |
性情門 |
Character |
| 40. |
蠶織門 |
Spinning and weaving |
| 41. |
針線門 |
Needlework |
| 42. |
井臼門 |
Homework |
| 43.-48. |
文墨門 |
Writing |
| 49.-51. |
幹略門 |
Physical abilities |
| 52. |
技藝門 |
Skills |
| 53.-55. |
音樂門 |
Music |
| 56. |
姓名門 |
Name and family name |
| 57.-59. |
事為門 |
Activities through the years |
| 60. |
誕育門 |
Giving birth and raising children |
| 61. |
術業門 |
Female professions |
| 62.-64. |
衣裳門 |
Robes and garments |
| 65.-66. |
冠帶門 |
Headgear and girdles |
| 67. |
襪履門 |
Footwear |
| 68.-70. |
釵釧門 |
Adornments |
| 71.-73. |
梳粧門 |
Dress, makeup, and hygiene |
| 74. |
脂粉門 |
Rouge and powder |
| 75.-76. |
宮室門 |
Buildings |
| 77. |
狀第門 |
Tents, covers, and mats |
| 78.-83. |
衣食門 |
Clothing and food |
| 84.-86. |
器用門 |
Tools and utensils |
| 87. |
綺羅門 |
Silk and brocade |
| 88.-89. |
珠寶門 |
Jewellery |
| 90.-91. |
蘭麝門 |
Perfumes and odours |
| 92.-93. |
花木門 |
Flowers and trees |
| 94.-96. |
禽蟲門 |
Birds and vermins |
| 97.-100. |
仙佛門 |
Daoism and Buddhism |
Sources:
Dong Qing 董青 (2014). "Changji bianyi chenggwei chutan: Yi Lianshi Changji men wei zhu 倡妓貶義稱謂初探——以《奩史·倡妓門》為主", Chizi (zhongxun) 赤子(中旬), 2014 (6).
Guo Haiwen 郭海文, Bao Xin 包鑫 (2020). "Lianshi Zhifen men chutan 《奩史·脂粉門》初探", Beilin luncong 碑林論叢, 2020 (25): 159-169.
Guo Haiwen 郭海文, Mi Jiaxin 米佳鑫, Su Qianwen 蘇倩文 (2022). "Lianshi Qiyong men shang suo jian qiwu kao 《奩史·器用門上》所見器物考", Beilin luncong 碑林論叢, 2022 (27): 210-220.
Guo Haiwen 郭海文, Wang Jiyu 王霽鈺 (2017). "Lianshi suo jian toushi kao 《奩史》所見到頭飾考", Xueshu jiaoliu 學術交流, 2017 (11): 207-213.
Guo Haiwen 郭海文, Xu Jiaqi 徐家琪 (2018). "Lianshi Canzhi men shengchan gongju kao 《奩史·蠶織門》生產工具考", Shaanxi Lishi Bowuguan luncong 陝西歷史博物館論叢, 2018 (25): 205-227.
Li Heng 李恆, Zhang Ping 張平 (2016). "Lianshi Jiyi men suo jian funü yundong kao 《奩史·技藝門》所見婦女運動考", Shaanxi Lishi Bowuguan guankan 陝西歷史博物館館刊, 2016 (23): 169-174.
Li Yonghu 李永祜, ed. (1994). Lianshi xuanzhu: Zhongguo gudai funü shenghui daguan 奩史選注——中國古代婦女生活大觀 (Beijing: Zhongguo renmin daxue chubanshe).
Su Zhenfu 蘇振富 (2016). "Lianshi Xianfo men suo jian nüxian yanjiu 《奩史·仙佛門》所見女仙研究", Beilin jikan 碑林集刊, 2016 (22): 172-180.
Zang Jian 臧健 (1994). "Lianshi: Gudai funü shenghuo de baike quanshu 奩史——古代婦女生活的百科全書", Zhongguo dianji yu wenhua 中國典籍與文化, 1994 (8).
Zang Jian 臧健 (1994). "Lianshi: Gudai funü shenguo de baike quanshu 奩史——古代婦女生活的百科全書", Zhongguo guji yu wenhua 中國典籍與文化, 1994 (3): 81-84.
Zhao Hankun 趙含坤, ed. (2005). Zhongguo leishu 中國類書 (Shijiazhuang: Hebei renmin chubanshe), 145, 483.
Zhang Ping 張平 (2021). "Lianshi Yinyue men suo jian gudai nüxing yuezhe chutan 《奩史·音樂門》所見古代女性樂者初探", Beilin luncong 碑林論叢, 2021 (26): 182-192.
Zhang Yu 張彧 (2017). "Lianshi Fenzhi men yu Zhongguo funü huazhuang xisu 《奩史·脂粉門》與中國婦女化妝習俗", Qingyuan Zhiye Jishu Xueyuan xuebao 清遠職業技術學院學報, 2017 (7).
