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Shehualu 舌華錄

Oct 16, 2025 © Ulrich Theobald

Shehualu 舌華錄 "Blossoms of the tongue" is a collection of stories compiled during the Ming period 明 (1368-1644) by Cao Chen 曹臣 (b. 1583), courtesy name Jinzhi 藎之, later Yechen 野臣, style Wenji Shanren 文几山人, from Shexian 歙縣, Anhui.

The book compiles refined sayings and witty remarks from earlier scholars, presented in a question-and-answer format. It is organised into nine juan, comprising eighteen categories, including Wise Sayings (Huiyu 慧語), Famous Sayings (Mingyu 名語), Heroic Sayings (Haoyu 豪語), Bold Sayings (Kuangyu 狂語), Flattering Sayings (Jiaoyu 澆語), and Melancholy Sayings (Qiyu 淒語). The quotations are sourced from ninety-nine different works, ranging from the Shishuo xinyu 世說新語 to various Song-period 宋 (960-1279) miscellanies. The collection spans from the Han 漢 (206 BCE-220 CE) and Wei 曹魏 (220-265) periods to the Ming era. All recorded words are taken from spoken exchanges, with no written correspondence or letters included—hence, the title Shehualu, derived from the Buddhist expression "a tongue as the lotus blossom", symbolising eloquence and purity of speech.

The entire work comprises fragments of casual conversation and assorted reflections, sometimes rather scattered and unpolished, representing one of the Ming literati's attempts to emulate the style of the Shishuo xinyu. Occasionally, it also includes a few amusing anecdotes and humorous remarks.

The text is included in the series Biji xiaoshuo daguan 筆記小說大觀. In 1985, the Yuelu Shushe 岳麓書社 published a modern edition with critical notes.

Sources:
Dai Yue 代悅. 2025. "Lun Mingren biji Shehualu zhong de jiqu 論明人筆記《舌華錄》中的“機趣”." Yangzhou Jiaoyu Xueyuan xuebao 揚州教育學院學報 43 (2): 7-11.
Li Lingnian 李靈年. 1996. "Shishuoti xiaoshuo de shangcheng zhi zuo: Du Shehualu de Ming yulin 世說體小說的上乘之作——讀《舌華錄》和《明語林》." Ming-Qing xiaoshuo yanjiu 明清小說研究 1996 (2): 177-183.
Li Lingnian 李靈年, and Lu Lin 陸林. 2001. "Wan-Ming Cao Chen yu qingyan xiaoshuo Shehualu 晚明曹臣與清言小品《舌華錄》." Zhongguo dianji yu wenhua 中國典籍與文化 2001 (1): 80-85.
Li Renfeng 李人鳳. 1999. "Wushi xianfan Shehualu 無事閒翻《舌華錄》." Yuwen zhishi 語文知識 1999 (5): 18-19.
Li Xueqin 李學勤, and Lü Wenyu 呂文郁, eds. 1996. Siku da cidian 四庫大辭典, vol. 2, 2016. Changchun: Jilin daxue chubanshe.
Lu Lin 陸林. 1999. "Shehualu zuozhe he banben kaoshu 《舌華錄》作者和版本考述." Ming-Qing xiaoshuo yanjiu 明清小說研究 1999 (3): 165-173.
Qi Huiyuan 齊慧源, and Wang Li 王麗. 2012. "Cao Chen Shehualu chuangzuo yishu jianlun 曹臣《舌華錄》創作藝術簡論." Xuzhou Gongcheng Xueyuan xuebao (Shehui kexue ban) 徐州工程學院學報(社會科學版) 27 (2): 75-78.
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Yang Hongmeng 楊紅萌, and Xie Lianghong 謝良紅. 2016. "Shehualu de chengshu yuanyou ji wenxianxue jiazhi 《舌華錄》的成書緣由及文獻學價值." Liupanshui Shifan Xueyuan xuebao 六盤水師範學院學報 28 (2): 12-14.
Yang Jiguang 楊繼光. 2019. "Shehualu wenzi jiaokan shangdui 《舌華錄》文字校勘商兌." Jianghai xuekan 江海學刊 2019 (6): 132.
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