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Jiaoliji 角力記

Dec 13, 2013 © Ulrich Theobald

Jiaoliji 角力記 "Notes on wrestling" is a book on wrestling (shuaijiao 摔跤) and fistfight written by a Song-period 宋 (960-1279) master called Diaoluzi 調露子, of whom nothing else is known.

The short book is divided into five chapters, namely aims and objectives (shuzhi 述旨), terms and designations (mingmu 名目), research into antique texts (kaogu 考古), proves in ancient literature (chuchu 出處) and miscellaneous explanations (zazhuo 雜説). It is a concise overview of the history of fighting and the martial arts (wushu 武術) in general. The book is mentioned in the bibliographical chapter in the official dynastic history Songshi 宋史 and the encyclopaedia Tongzhi 通志, written during the Song period by Zheng Qiao 鄭樵 (1104-1162). It is included in the series Linlang mishi congshu 琳琅秘室叢書 and Congshu jicheng chubian 叢書集成初編. During the Qing period 清 (1644-1911) the Jiaoliji was briefly commented by Hu Ting 胡珽 (1822-1861) and Dong Jinjian 董金鑑.

The following list presents ancient Chinese books on wrestling, fist-fighting and similar fighting techniques:

Table 1. Ancient Chinese books on wrestling and fight-fighting
手搏 六篇 (lost) Shoubo (Han) NN
角力記 五篇 Jiaoliji (Song) 調露子 Diaoluzi
(宋太祖)長拳三十二勢 (lost) (Song Taizu) Changquan sanshi'er shi (Song) 宋太祖 Emperor Taizu (?)
(秘本)魯智深拳譜 (Miben) Lu Zhishen quanpu (Song) 鄭遲 Zheng Chi
(秘本)金臺拳譜 (Miben) Jintai quanpu (Song) 鄭遲 Zheng Chi
(秘本)武松拳譜 (Miben) Wusong quanpu (Song) 鄭遲 Zheng Chi
六合拳譜 (三三拳譜) Liuhe quanpu (Sansan quanpu) (Ming) 李某 Li N
白打要譜 六卷 (lost) Baida yaopu (Ming) 汪伯言 Wang Boyan
岳家拳書 Yuejiq quanshu (Ming) NN
(秘本)甘鳳池拳譜 (Miben) Ganfengchi quanpu (Qing) 嚴子瀟 Yan Zixiao
易筋經 Yijinjing (Qing) 達摩 Damo (instr.); 王祖源 Wang Zuyuan (comp.)
花拳總講法 Huaquan zongjiang fa (Qing) NN
拳經 (玄機秘授穴道拳訣, 拳經拳法備要) Quanjing (Xuanji bishou xuedao quanjue, Quanjing quanfa beiyao) (Ming) 玄機 Monk Xuanji; 陳松泉 Chen Songquan, 張鳴鶚 Zhang Ming'e (rec.)
學拳精言 Xuequan jingyan (Qing) 陳正裕 Chen Zhengyu
形意拳拳譜 Yingyiquan quanpu (Qing) 趙廷海 Zhao Tinghai
少林偏卦全集 Shaolin piangua quanji (Qing) NN
螳螂拳譜 Tanglang quanpu (Qing) NN
單打粗論 Danda culun (Qing) NN
內家拳法 Neijia quanfa (Qing) 黃百家 Huang Baijia
拳術秘集 Quanshu miji (Qing) NN
手臂錄 四卷 Shoubilu (Qing) 吳殳 Wu Shu
無隱錄 Wuyinlu (Qing) 吳殳 Wu Shu
拳術釋義 Quanshu shiyi (Qing) 張鳴周 Zhang Mingzhou
拳經拳法備要 二卷 Quanjing quanfa beiyao (Qing) 張孔昭 Zhang Kongzhao; 曹煥斗 Cao Huandou (comm.)
太極拳經 (太極拳譜) Taiji quanjing (Taiji quanpu) (Qing) 王宗岳 Wang Zongyue
少林拳譜雜俎 Shaolin quanpu zazu (Qing) NN
萇氏武技書 Changshu wuji shu (Qing) 萇乃周 Chang Naizhou
Table according to Zhang and Pei 1994.
Sources:
Ding Shouhe 丁守和, ed. 1992. Zhongxuesheng wenhua baike cidian 中學生文化百科辭典, 348. Beijing: Yanshan chubanshe.
Li Chunsheng 李春生, ed. 1987. Zhongguo gongfu cidian 中國功夫辭典, 92. Zhengzhou: Zhongzhou guji chubanshe.
Qing Xiaoli 青小力, and Zhou Hongzhi 周洪芝. 2014. "Gugai shuaijiao yishu: Song Jiaoliji kaoxi 古代摔跤藝術———宋《角力記》考析." Lantai shijie 蘭臺世界 2014 (5): 151-152.
Weng Shixun 翁士勛. 1988. "Jiaoliji kaoshi wu ti 《角力記》考釋五題." Tiyu wenshi 體育文史 1988 (4): 25-27.
Wu Feng 吳楓, ed. 1987. Jianming Zhongguo guji cidian 簡明中國古籍辭典, 425. Changchun: Jilin wenshi chubanshe.
Zhang Shan 張山, and Pei Xirong 裴錫榮, eds. 1994. Zhonghua wushu da cidian 中華武術大辭典, 332. Nanjing: Jinagsu kexue jishu chubanshe.
Zheng Zhenkun 鄭振坤. 1993. "Jiaoliji 角力記." In Zhonghua baike yaolan 中華百科要覽, edited by Shi Quanchang 石泉長, 549. Shenyang: Liaoning renmin chubanshe.
Zhongguo da baike cidian bianweihui 中國百科大辭典編委會, ed. 1990. Zhongguo da baike cidian 中國百科大辭典, 501. Beijing: Huaxia chubanshe.
Zhou Weiliang 周偉良. 2020. "Jiaoliji 《角力記》." Zhonghua wushu yanjiu 中華武術研究 2020 (3): 24-25.