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Yijing 藝經

Jun 19, 2025 © Ulrich Theobald

Yijing 藝經 was a book on chess written during the Cao-Wei period 曹魏 (220-265) by Handan Chun 邯鄲淳 (c. 132-221), courtesy name Zishu 子叔, from Yingchuan 潁川 (Xuchang 許昌, Henan), who also authored a rhapsody on the pitch-pot game, Touhu fu 投壺賦. It is not listed in old bibliographies but is only known from quotations in encyclopaedias like Tianzhongji 天中記 or Taiping guangji 太平御覽.

The book outlines 17 moves for chess that differ from the 19 moves described in other books on Chinese chess. It also discusses the pitch-pot game, detailing 12 arrangements of throwing darts into pots, which reflect a cosmological concept linking the game to the twelve months. The statements can be compared with those in Handan's rhapsody.

Fragments were collected by Ma Guohan 馬國翰 (1794-1857) and are found in his series Yuhan Shanfang jiyi shu 玉函山房輯佚書. Ma's collection is based on the edition in the series Shuofu 說郛.

Hou Kang's 侯康 (1798-1837) supplementary book catalogue Bu Houhanshu yiwen zhi 補后漢書藝文志 puts the Yijing into the category of novellas (xiaoshuo lei 小說類).

Sources:
Li Shuihai 李水海, ed. 1994. Zhongguo xiaoshuo da cidian 中國小說大辭典, vol. Xian-Qin zhi Nanbeichao 先秦至南北朝卷, 306. Xi'an: Shaanxi renmin chubanshe.
Li Xueqin 李學勤, and Lü Wenyu 呂文鬰, eds. 1996. Siku da cidian 四庫大辭典, vol. 2, 1822. Changchun: Jilin daxue chubanshe.
Wu Longhui 吳龍輝, ed. 1994. Zhonghua zajing jicheng 中華雜經集成, vol. 3, 82. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe.