Jul 24, 2010 © Ulrich Theobald
Kongcongzi 孔叢子 "The Many Kong Family Master's Anthology", is a collection of dialogues of Confucius and his disciples. Authorship of the book is attributed to Confucius' descendant Kong Fu 孔鮒 (c. 264-208 BCE), courtesy name Ziyu 子魚 or Jia 甲.
When the chief minister of Qin 秦 (221-206 BC), Li Si 李斯, ordered the burning of the Confucian books, Kong Fu, as librarian of Confucius' home state of Lu 魯, had them hidden inside the brick walls of the mansion of the family Kong. After the downfall of the Qin dynasty, Kong Fu took his time to compile the Kongcongzi. The book was 6 juan long and included 21 chapters. During the reign of Emperor Wu 漢武帝 (r. 141-87 BCE) of the Han dynasty 漢 (206 BCE-220 CE), some rhapsodies were written for the Kongcongzi, as well as short essays, assembled in 1 supplementary juan.
The chapter Xiao Erya 小爾雅 has often been used to study ancient characters. The Song-period 宋 (960-1279) scholar Song Xian 宋咸 (jinshi degree 1024) wrote a commentary on the Kongcongzi. The Kongcongzi is not mentioned in the imperial bibliography Yiwen zhi 藝文志 of the official dynastic history Hanshu 漢書, but first in Wang Su's 王肅 (195-256) book Shengzhenglun 聖證論 from the Wei period 曹魏 (220-265). Because Wang Su had a bad reputation as a literary forger, many scholars doubted the authenticity of the Kongcongzi.
The appendix Liancong 連叢, also called Liancongzi 連叢子 or Xu Kongcongzi 續孔叢子, includes rhapsodies and prose texts compiled by Kong Zang 孔臧 (fl. 127 BCE).
According to the imperial bibliography Jingjizhi 經籍志 in the Suishu 隋書, the Kongcongzi, with a length of 7 juan, was part of the Kongzi jiayu 孔子家語. The history of the transmission of the Kongcongzi is not very clear. The Song-period Neo-Confucian scholar Zhu Xi 朱熹 (1130-1200) analysed the language of the book and identified it as a pre-Han text.
The oldest surviving print is just a reproduction of a printed Song-period edition. The Kongcongzi is included in the series Han-Wei congshu 漢魏叢書 and Sibu congkan 四部叢刊. The Han-Wei congshu version was reprinted by Master Zheng's 鄭氏 Longxijing Studio 龍溪精舍.
The Kongcongzi was translated by Yoav Ariel. 1989. K'ung-Ts'ung-Tzu: The K'ung Family Masters' Anthology. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Table 1. Contents of the Kongcongzi 孔叢子
| 1. |
嘉言 |
Jiayan |
Words of Praise |
| 2. |
論書 |
Lunshu |
About the "Book of Documents" |
| 3. |
記義 |
Jiyi |
Record of righteousness |
| 4. |
刑論 |
Xinglun |
On punishment |
| 5. |
記問 |
Jiwen |
Recorded questions |
| 6. |
雜訓 |
Zaxun |
Miscellaneous instructions |
| 7. |
居衛 |
Ju Wei |
Living in Wei |
| 8. |
巡狩 |
Xunshou |
Royal inspection tours |
| 9. |
公儀 |
Gong Yi |
Minister Gong Yi |
| 10. |
抗志 |
Kangzhi |
Holding firm to personal ideals |
| 11. |
小爾雅 |
Xiao Erya |
Lesser "Approach to Correct [Expressions]" |
| 12. |
公孫龍 |
Gonsun Long |
Philosopher Gongsun Long |
| 13. |
儒服 |
Rufu |
Confucian robes |
| 14. |
對魏王 |
Dui Wei Wang |
Dialogue with the King of Wei |
| 15. |
陳士義 |
Chen Shiyi |
Recounting scholar's righteousness |
| 16. |
論勢 |
Lunshi |
On crucial conditions |
| 17. |
執節 |
Zhijie |
Holding fast to moral integrity |
| 18. |
詰墨 |
Jie Mo |
Criticizing Mozi |
| 19. |
獨治 |
Duzhi |
Superlative mastery |
| 20. |
問軍禮 |
Wen Junli |
Questions about military rites |
| 21. |
荅（＝答）問 |
Dawen |
Answering questions |
| 22.-23. |
連叢子 |
Liancongzi |
Appendix 1-2 |
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